A Time to Stand Firm
Eugene Carson Blake, Stated Clerk of the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., was an outspoken proponent of the civil rights movement. While Blake had significant support within the denomination, many resisted his efforts toward desegregation. Overture 22 to the 1964 UPCUSA General Assembly called for the stated clerk to “cease and desist” from all activities “that would bring disrepute [on] or lower the dignity [of]” the church.
"At the request of the newly elected Moderator [Edler G. Hawkins], commissioners prayed for him in the first moments after he assumed office.” Presbyterian Life, June 15, 1964, p. 3.Despite such calls for retrenchment, most General Assembly commissioners stood firm with Blake in his support of civil rights. On the opening day of the assembly, almost 800 people attended the Presbyterian Interracial Council breakfast to hear Rev. John Lewis, chair of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, proclaim the words, “We must turn this nation upside down in order to set it right side up. It is long past time when all of us must become involved.” At an evening speech four days later, NAACP executive secretary Roy Wilkins urged attendees to support the Civil Rights Act currently under debate in the U.S. Senate. As Presbyterian Life reported:
Perhaps not all United Presbyterians have attended meetings where at the end people stand, join hands, and sing “We Shall Overcome.” Some were embarrassed and some may have been piqued, but most all soon joined in its deliberate cadences and came to experience the reality of integrated community, of integrated resolve, and of the prayer offered by Dr. Marshall L. Scott, chairman of the Commission [on Religion and Race], when he prayed, “Have mercy on the Church which dares to bear the name of Christ."
Most significantly, commissioners to the 1964 assembly elected the denomination’s first African-American moderator, Rev. Edler G. Hawkins, a member of the church’s Commission on Religion and Race.
"Moderator and Mrs. Hawkins fulfill their first social obligation, greeting hundreds of commissioners and visitors [...] at First Presbyterian Church [in Oklahoma City].” Presbyterian Life, June 15, 1964, p. 10.What became of Overture 22? On the final day of the assembly the Standing Committee on Bills and Overtures announced its recommendation to take no action, in effect ending the move to censure Blake. On the floor of the assembly, a motion was even made to commend him “for his courageous action and witness in the area of race relations;… [and to] affirm his right and his duty as Stated Clerk to speak and act in consonance with the pronouncements and actions of the General Assembly.” The amendment passed overwhelmingly, and commissioners gave Eugene Carson Blake a “thunderous, standing ovation.”
In its summary of the 1964 assembly, Presbyterian Life stated: “The country once again has heard just where the United Presbyterian Church stands in the present social revolution.” Fifty years later, we remember that resoluteness, and how it advanced a historic cause.
